Sediment transfer in an extremely low-gradient,low-relief and highly buffered system: Darwin Harbour catchment,northern Australia     

M. Nawaz  R. Wasson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2020,67(3):351-359

Abstract

Sediment yields from and sediment transfer within catchments of very low relief and gradient, which make up about 50% of Earth’s surface, are poorly documented and their internal sediment dynamics are poorly known. Sediment sources, their proportionate contributions to valley floors and sediment yield, and storage are estimated using fallout radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb_(ex) and ¹³⁷Cs in the catchments that drain into Darwin Harbour, northern Australia, an example of this understudied catchment type that appears to be globally at the extreme end of this category of catchments. Unchannelled grassy valley floors (dambos, or seasonal wetlands) trap ～90% of the sediment delivered from hillslopes by sheet and rill erosion. Further down valley, small channels transport ～10% of the sediment that escapes from the dambos, and the remaining sediment comes from erosion of the channels. In this case, the fractional sediment storage is very high as a result of the existence of dambos, a landform that depends for its existence on low gradients.  相似文献   

有机化学物质碳氮稳定同位素系列标准物质研制     

李科  张琳  刘福亮  贾艳琨 《岩矿测试》2020,39(5):753-761

实验室和研究人员所使用的碳、氮同位素标准物质一般由国际原子能机构(IAEA)获得,然而近年来,随着碳氮同位素在实验室质量监控、方法评价、仪器校准等方面的广泛应用,市场需求量不断增加, IAEA研制的碳、氮同位素标准物质的种类与数量逐渐不能满足科学研究快速发展的需求。我国急需研制适应当今分析技术水平的有机质碳氮同位素国家标准物质用以进行质量监控、方法评价、仪器校准。为保证量值传递精度,本文研制了4个有机化学物质的碳氮稳定同位素标准物质,其中3个为尿素样品,1个为L-谷氨酸。经检验4种标准物质的均匀性通过F值检验,标准物质的δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值经过一年的稳定性检验,特征量值变化在测量方法允许的不确定度范围内,由此判定δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值稳定性良好。由包括研制单位实验室在内的12家实验室协同定值,采用高温燃烧-气体同位素质谱法测定了δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值,系列标准物质δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N认定值区间呈梯度分布,δ~(13)C值为-40‰～0‰,δ~(15)N值为-10‰～30‰,涵盖了我国天然样品中有机质碳氮稳定同位素组成范围;研制的系列标准物质δ~(13)C的定值扩展不确定度不大于0.08‰,δ~(15)N的定值扩展不确定度不大于0.09‰,定值水平与国际标准物质相当。该系列标准物质已被国家质检总局批准为国家一级标准物质,批准号为GBW04494～GBW04497。可被用于地质、生态、环境等多种样品δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N比值测定时的分析监控、仪器校准、方法评价、质量保证和质量监控。  相似文献   

Fiscal geographies: “Placing” taxation in urban geography     

Renee Tapp  Kelly Kay 《Urban geography》2019,40(4):573-581

As the state’s primary means of both redistributing wealth and incentivizing private investment, tax plays an outsized role in a range of critical urban processes, including (re)development, gentrification, financialization, and local and regional governance. We argue, through reference to existing literature in urban and economic geography, as well as our own research on taxation and the state, that urban scholarship could benefit by close and careful engagement with taxation and the tax system. We term this new vein of research “fiscal geographies” and see it as offering potential for more nuanced study of urban political economy, politics, and processes.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal characteristics of Qinghai Lake ice phenology between 2000 and 2016     

Qi  Miaomiao  Yao  Xiaojun  Li  Xiaofeng  Duan  Hongyu  Gao  Yongpeng  Liu  Juan 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(1):115-130

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Lake ice phenology is considered a sensitive indicator of regional climate change. We utilized time series information of this kind extracted from a series of...  相似文献   

基于无人机多源遥感数据海岛植被叶面积指数协同反演研究     

吴剑  陈鹏  傅世锋  陈庆辉  潘翔  宋志晓 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(6):1-8

无人机多源遥感数据的获取、融合以及应用是当今研究的热点和难点。文中以城洲岛为例,针对海岛特殊的地理生态环境,获取无人机多源遥感数据。结合无人机多光谱遥感数据定量分析各遥感植被指数与植被叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index, LAI)的响应关系,构建单因子遥感反演模型;基于无人机激光LiDAR点云提取海岛植被冠层高度模型(Canopy Height Model,CHM),并将其作为自变量引入到多源统计回归分析中,从而构建多源遥感数据协同反演模型,对区域尺度下海岛叶面积指数(LAI)进行估算,开展验证和精度评价。结果显示,加入植被冠层高度因子的协同反演模型的判定系数R2为0.92,绝对平均误差系数为12.29%,预测精度要优于单因子反演模型(判定次数R2为0.86,绝对平均误差系数19.95%)。研究表明,加入了植被冠层高度因子的协同反演模型能在一定程度上提高乔木植被LAI的预测精度。实践证明,无人机多源遥感技术在生态学定量研究中具有巨大的潜力和广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

Upper ocean high resolution regional modeling of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal     

Suneet Dwivedi  Alok Kumar Mishr  Atul Srivastava 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(5):32-50

In this paper, effort is made to demonstrate the quality of high-resolution regional ocean circulation model in realistically simulating the circulation and variability properties of the northern Indian Ocean(10°S–25°N,45°–100°E) covering the Arabian Sea(AS) and Bay of Bengal(BoB). The model run using the open boundary conditions is carried out at 10 km horizontal resolution and highest vertical resolution of 2 m in the upper ocean.The surface and sub-surface structure of hydrographic variables(temperature and salinity) and currents is compared against the observations during 1998–2014(17 years). In particular, the seasonal variability of the sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and surface currents over the model domain is studied. The highresolution model's ability in correct estimation of the spatio-temporal mixed layer depth(MLD) variability of the AS and BoB is also shown. The lowest MLD values are observed during spring(March-April-May) and highest during winter(December-January-February) seasons. The maximum MLD in the AS(BoB) during December to February reaches 150 m (67 m). On the other hand, the minimum MLD in these regions during March-April-May becomes as low as 11–12 m. The influence of wind stress, net heat flux and freshwater flux on the seasonal variability of the MLD is discussed. The physical processes controlling the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature are investigated by carrying out mixed layer heat budget analysis. It is found that air-sea fluxes play a dominant role in the seasonal evolution of sea surface temperature of the northern Indian Ocean and the contribution of horizontal advection, vertical entrainment and diffusion processes is small. The upper ocean zonal and meridional volume transport across different sections in the AS and BoB is also computed. The seasonal variability of the transports is studied in the context of monsoonal currents.  相似文献   

一例异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)暴发性出血病病原分析     

袁雪梅  潘晓艺  郝贵杰  刘莉  吕孙建  蔺凌云  沈锦玉 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(4):913-920

2016年6月,江苏某异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养殖场暴发一种传染性急性出血病,造成养殖银鲫大量死亡。为分析此次疾病病因及流行规律,本研究从发病养殖场采集患出血病的异育银鲫,从细菌、病毒及寄生虫三个方面对病原进行了分析。采用病原菌分离、组织病理学观察、超薄切片电镜观察、病毒核酸分析、回感实验等对病原进行鉴定。结果显示从发病鲫鱼体内分离到病毒一株,未发现寄生虫及细菌感染。经测序及序列分析,该病毒为鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cyprinid herpesvirus2,CyHV-2)病毒,组织病理学观察结果显示患病鱼的鳃和肾脏有明显病变,电镜下可观察到病鱼脾脏组织有带囊膜的球形病毒,囊膜直径约为170—200nm,病毒衣壳直径约为110—120nm,核心直径约为60nm,用组织匀浆感染鲫鱼囊胚细胞系(CGB)可稳定地观察到典型的细胞病变,用患病鱼组织匀浆液人工感染异育银鲫的死亡率高达100%,荧光定量PCR检测到该病毒可感染多器官,其中以脾脏中病毒含量最高,其次是脑,肝脏中最少。本研究可为CyHV-2的诊断防控及疫苗研制提供资料。  相似文献   

浮游植物metacaspase的分布、结构及其功能特性     

苏金净  蔡伟聪  李桂玲  李健  曾珺  刘静雯 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(5):1059-1069

精氨酸/赖氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶(Metacaspase)在浮游植物程序性细胞死亡(programmed cell death.PCD)过程中起着关键作用。本文利用生物信息学方法分析metacaspase基因在浮游植物中的分布,并以海洋球石藻(Emilianiahuxleyi)metacaspases(EhMCs)为代表分析其结构和功能,依据Uniprot和String数据库挖掘与metacaspase功能相关并参与浮游植物PCD过程的互作蛋白。结果发现:共计29条、四种类型的metacaspases分布于11种浮游植物中,它们的metacaspase蛋白一级结构存在明显差异,但位于p20的组氨酸和半胱氨酸活性位点均具有高度的保守性;EhMCs三级结构与酵母的metacaspase十分相似,暗示它们具有类似的功能;浮游植物metacaspases与多种蛋白存在直接或间接的互作关系,在细胞PCD过程、响应环境胁迫和能量代谢等方面发挥重要作用。另外.metacaspase的磷酸化修饰可能在浮游植物PCD信号转导过程中起调节作用。  相似文献   

基于全过程的本科毕业设计质量评价体系构建     

何立恒  杨强  鲍其胜 《测绘通报》2019,(10):138-141

对毕业设计质量评价方法进行分析，总结出考核方式单一、成绩评定不够客观及监督检查力度小是毕业设计质量评价存在的主要问题。本文从毕业设计质量考核过程化、毕业设计成果呈现方式多样化和毕业设计质量检查制度化3方面构建教师和学生共同评价的全过程质量评价体系，为全面客观评价毕业设计质量提供参考。  相似文献   

OIPC和RCWIP降水氢氧稳定同位素数据在新疆天山地区的适用性     

石玉东  王圣杰  张明军  李昱锋  宋洋 《冰川冻土》2020,42(3):974-985

降水中氢氧稳定同位素的空间分布是同位素水文学和同位素生态学研究的基础资料， 近年来高空间分辨率的氢氧稳定同位素分布数据产品获得了越来越多的重视。利用新疆天山地区实测降水同位素数据， 评估两套常用的全球降水同位素分布模拟数据（OIPC和RCWIP）的适用性。结果表明： 从时间尺度来看， 两套产品在夏半年（4 - 10月）的模拟效果明显优于冬半年（11月 - 次年3月）； 在各自然区中， 准噶尔盆地荒漠自然区的模拟效果相对较好， 而吐鲁番盆地-哈密（戈壁）荒漠自然区模拟效果相对较差。通过均方根误差、 线性判定系数、 平均偏置误差、 平均绝对误差等指标的比较， 在本研究区内RCWIP数据产品对降水同位素值的模拟效果比OIPC的效果好。结合乌鲁木齐多年降水氢氧稳定同位素数据， 发现降水同位素年际变化差异并未明显影响到代表性， 在缺乏长期监测的情况下这两套数据仍有重要的使用价值。  相似文献